An efficient piping design aims to minimize what two aspects?

An efficient piping design is primarily focused on minimizing both the length of piping and the number of fittings. By reducing the length of piping, you decrease potential pressure drop and improve the flow efficiency of the system. Shorter runs of piping can also minimize material costs and labor associated with installation.

Additionally, limiting the number of fittings is crucial because each fitting, such as elbows or tees, introduces additional resistance to flow, which can lead to inefficiencies. Fittings also increase the potential for leaks and other maintenance issues over time. Hence, an effective piping system design seeks to optimize both the length of the pipeline and the number of fittings to ensure reliability, cost-effectiveness, and performance efficiency.

While minimum space usage and cost, as well as the number of connections and costs, are certainly important considerations in piping design, they are not the primary focus in the context of efficiency outlined in this question.